在《初入行的困惑, audit firm’s IA 還是 commercial IA?》一文中曾提及高層次的內審應該是 Problem Solver (問題解決者),那麼應怎樣做?先講講何謂低層次吧。
低層次的審計建議,最經典的莫過於只簡單地要求對方盡快把問題解決。例如,「XX部門應評估這問題對業務的影響,並擬定方案盡早將問題解決」,夠廢話吧?很慚愧,我在初出道時也提出過不少這樣的爛建議,回想起來真的有些對不住以前的僱主。
另一類是改善建議過於表面,或者是難於執行甚至未有考慮成本效益。簡單舉個例子,相信大家在讀書時都學過職責分工 (Segregation of Duties) 這一個必要的控制吧,但在現實中很多企業根本無法做得到。例如一個只有3-4人的海外辦事處,因業務有限不能多加人手,各人的職責無可避免不能有效分工,要求他們增聘人手是否有些不切實際?我曾經見過有同事就上述問題建議管理層增聘人手以達致有效分工,結果那位同事給管理層不留情面地駡了一頓。問題在那裡?其實那位同事只是從教科書中搬字過紙,在給建議前並沒有考慮以其他補償控制(Compensation Control)來彌補職責分工上的漏洞。
什麼是補償控制?例如辦事處只佩置了一位會計,開支票做付款,手持備用金以至做賬都一腳踼,雖然工作沒有有效分工,但日常的實際工作量不多,如果增聘多一位職員的話會浪費人力資源,那麼其中一個可行的解決方法是加入補償控制以減低沒有分工所帶來的欺詐風險。例如由辦事處另一位職員不定期盤點備用金,開支票做付款前必需由辦事處的主管審核,付款憑證需要每月送交總公司複核,利用預算嚴格控制辦事處每月的開支及維持辦事處的銀行存款量至最低水平等等。這些補償控制並不繁雜,對辦事處及總部不會造成太大的額外工作負擔,而且較容易實行,符合成本效益。這樣的建議既能切合企業的實際情況,而且能有效降低風險,這就是Problem Solver應要做的事情了。
像我上述的那位同事一樣,很多初出道的內審人 (包括我在內) 經常遇到一個困惑,將最理想的一套做法搬到現實中有何不妥,但我慢慢地發現原來我們缺乏了business sense,即是沒有從管理層的角度去看去思考事情。所以我現在對新入行者經常強調,做審計建議時必須先了解企業的實際情況,切忌從教科書中搬字過紙。
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6 則留言:
Is Audit Commission part of internal audit?
Also, what's the experience required when jumping from 1 IA job to another? 5 years? 7 years?
Hi Johnny,
Are you referring to the HKSAR's Audit Commission? Strictly speaking, one of the tasks they are working for is IA work.
There is no special requirement for an IA guy jumps from 1 job to another. If you ask me, my suggestion is that staying in a same company at least 3-4 years. It is because IA is a continuous improvement function. You will learn nothing if you just stay in a company for a short time.
Yes the government one, so what other stuff do they do other than IA?
Also, don't employers require how many years of experience when you apply for an IA job?
Other than IA, their do perform financial audit for the government activities and books.
How many years? It depends on position and company. General speaking, for Audit officer or Assistant Audit officer, 1-2 years non-IA working experience is ok. For supervisor, 3-5 years of IA experience is required. For manager, 5-8 years of IA experience with solid managerial experience is required. For Audit director, 10+ years with solid managerial experience is required.
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